L'archéologie du savoir, 1969.
MICHEL FOUCAULT, 1926-1984.
This work deals with the discursive formations and transformations. While the history of ideas seeks to discern, in decoding the text, the large units of thought, Foucault seeks to highlight the conditions of formation of the "things said" the rules of its transformation, the discontinuities that break. Indeed, it is the history of thought free of prejudice continuity, rid it of anthropological assumptions based on pair subject / object.
Will be rejected units traditionally accepted as a criterion of definition - of speech (such as major types of speech), the unity of the book, the author, will also be denied the concepts that link the unit's speech to criteria of words and things in the style of enunciation, the figure of the theme. Suspending the traditional categories, Foucault returns to the character of the listed event, not to isolate them (because not everything happens only in the order of speaking), but for the events relate to technical, practical, economic, social or political. The description of the archaeological discourse takes place, so the size of a general history. Tries to show that, although autonomous and specific, not really the speech enjoys the status of pure ideality and total historical independence.
Archaeology also examines the discursive changes: in particular, appears or disappears as a discursive formation, and, more generally, a discursive formation replaces another.
In The Archaeology of Knowledge, Foucault, in essence, explains that he wanted to do in earlier books: a pure description of the facts of speech, a study of this vast field comprises the set of all "things said" that in its dispersal events and are given as medicine, economics, biology ... Show that these discourses form autonomous areas (though not independent), rules (though constantly changing), anonymous and without subject (although that permeates so many individual works): this is Foucault's project, project reaffirmed in his inaugural lecture at the Collège de France in 1970.
Brazilian Edition: The Archaeology of Knowledge, Petrópolis, Vozes / Lisbon, Centro Brasileiro Book, 1972.
Studies: G. Deleuze, Foucault, Ed de Minuit, 1986.
A. Kremer-Marietti, Foucault et l'archéologie du savoir, Seghers, 1974.
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